Causes of Flange Seal Leakage in Heat Exchangers

What causes seal leakage at the heat exchanger flange?
(1) Gaskets under pressure, corrosion, or deterioration.
(2) Weak, loose, or corroded bolts.
(3) Flanges lacking rigidity with sealing surface defects.
(4) Non-parallel or misaligned flanges.
(5) Poor-quality gaskets.

How to address seal leakage at the heat exchanger flange?
(1) Tighten bolts and replace the gasket.
(2) Upgrade bolt materials, fasten, or replace bolts.
(3) Replace or address defects in the flange.
(4) Repair or replace the flange.
(5) Replace the gasket.